Two methods of determining ABO and Rh groups Essay

Two methods of determining native Australian and Rh groups - essay ExampleThe paper tells that because of Rh and ABO, it is important to be able to chemically identify the different affinity types. In the ABO note group system there are two types of marker that are present on the race cellular telephones. These are type A and type B. If an individual has neither of these markers and then they are conside fierce to be type O. Individuals can be of blood type A, B, O or AB, as they inherit one type of marker from for to each one one parent. The human body does not produce antibodies for the markers that it contains, tho does so for the ones that are not present. This is because the immune system sees the foreign marker as an invader and therefore defends itself against it. Thus, a person with type AB blood does not have antibodies against either A or B markers, and can consequently procure blood from whatsoever blood type. However, they also cannot give to any other blood type. In contrast, someone with type O blood can donate blood to any blood type as no antibodies will be raised, and but can receive blood only from other type O donors. Another factor that is present in the blood of humans is known as the Rh or rhesus system. This was first discovered through immunisation of rabbits with blood that had been obtained from rhesus monkeys. It was found that the antibodies in the rabbit ca utilise the blood to cogulate. Although the Rh system contains around 50 different antigens, five of which are considered to be the most important (D, C, c, E and e), and of these the D antigen is the most relevant. It is lots thought to be the most polymorphic blood group system in humans. ... Secondly, the study used antibody screening on two plasma samples to determine the presence of antibodies. Materials and Methods Tube Grouping Rh (D) and ABO antigens in unknown samples Four agglutinin reagents were to used in this experiment, Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-A,B and An ti-D Alpha. These reagents react directly with the antigens present in red blood by making the cells clump together. Thus, they could be used to determine the blood type of each of the four patients. Sixteen clean test tubes were taken and labelled with patient name (Patient 1, 2, 3 or 4) and one of the four reagents so that for each patient there was a total of four tubes, each labelled with the name of a different reagent. Two drops of the labelled reagent were added to each tube. For each of the four patients, the cell sample was inverted several times to ensure the cells were thoroughly cocked, and then one drop of cells was dictated in each of four test tubes for that patient. The cells were incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes and then examined for agglutination. Ortho ABD and retrovert Cassettes Rh (D) and ABO antigens in unknown samples For this section of the experiment, the same four patient samples were used. The samples were inverted to mix them and then they were loaded into the cassettes. One cassette was used for each patient and these were labelled. Each cassette had four marked wells, A, B, D and control. In each well 10 l of the respective patient sample was placed. The cassettes were then placed in the Ortho Centrifuge and spun for five minutes, and then the results read. Antibody Screening An Ortho Poly AHG cassette was provided. This had six wells that contained Poly Specific Anti homosexual Globulin. Three antibody-screening cells