The closing of the Muslim mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The closing of the Muslim mind - render ExampleIn Reillys view, the success of this school over others in the ninth and tenth centuries lead to the involve up of reason and therefore the closing of the Muslim mind. The consequences are drastic, further Reilly believes that, now that the problem has been diagnosed, it is possible to make fundamental changes in the Middle East by promoting different interpretations of Islam, embracing reason both in life and in theology, and essentially embarking on Aquinas mission to unite reason and faith (197-207). Reilly refers frequently to the dehellenization of Sunni Islam in specific and Islam in general (11-40 119-127). Initially, as Islam expanded, it was largely tribal, warlike and violent. This was due to the character of the region front to Mohammed, of course In many fundamental ways, Mohammed was a progressive re realiseer. Nonetheless, as a non-status quo power expanding outwards, Islam snarl little need to absorb other cultures, until it started to find cultures and groups clearly superior in technological and armed services might. Islam encountered Greek thought in its new Byzantine and Sassanid possessions. Exactly how these early Hellenic influences reached into Islam is a proposition of some conjecture. What is clear is that huge areas of what had been the Byzantine Empire were largely Christian, and in them Greek philosophical notions had ache been employed in Christian apologetics. There were also centers of Hellenistic learning in Alexandria (which moved to Antioch, Syria, nearly A.D. 718) and Gondeshakpur, northeast of Basra, Iraq (23-27). As Muslims expanded, they encountered resistance, both theological and physical. As an outcome of the physical resistance, they got Greek books and knowledge as an outcome of the theological resistance, Muslim scholars became versed in Christian ideology, Greek and Latin as languages, and became far more erudite (27-35). The consequence of this Hellenization wa s the emergence of the Muztalite interpretation of Sunni Islam (41-58). Greek thought in its classical form emphasized the role of reason over the passions, the rigorous use of logic, questioning authority, engaging in data-based analysis of the world, and using dialectical modes of reasoning and questioning to arrive at the truth from multiple perspectives. The deduction of Greek and Muslim thought produced a termination that Reilly waxes poetic over in Chapter Two, a period of learning during which Islam was the cradle of civilization on board the Byzantines pitted against a horribly backward and ignorant Christian Europe. The Muztalites viewed Man as free The Koran (4040) says, Whosoever does an evil deed shall be recompensed only with the like of it, but whosoever does a righteous deed, be it male or female, believing shall enter Paradise, therein provided without reckoning, alongside many other verses which establish that men are to think for themselves, which Muztalites used to argue indicated that men were speculate to be freely determine for themselves right and wrong, to create and inquire (35-40). But it was not to last. Political struggles obdurate the fate of Muztalite interp

Whistleblowers. The Process and Risks Assignment

Whistleblowers. The Process and Risks - Assignment show illustrationSome of the recent examples of whistleblowers are Sherron Watkins of Enron, and Cyntha Cooper of WorldCom. They exposed or provided firsthand data on monetary scandals. The case of Coleen Rowley of the FBI as a whistleblower was unique in the sense that the reporting incident was regarding lapses in the intelligence field a few weeks before September 11, 2001 terrorists attack. The Process of Whistle Blowing An employee who has some information about illegal activities of any nature pertaining to his or her organization and he or she chooses to bring that in public is known as a whistle blower. Whistle blowing is encouraged to bring mediocrey, equality, justice, and freedom of lecturing in society at large. It has many advantages such as it can protect health of consumers and employees. During 1920s, the insidious effects of asbestos in the manufacturing units were suppressed by company managment thus jeopardiz ing the health of employees. Employees feel more contented if they find it easy to raise their concerns within the organization. Risks Associated with the Whistleblower Whistleblowers carry certain risks such as alienation, brass section reprisals, or victimization at their workplace and likely to be more intensely supervised for their acts. They may be considered less loyal to their organization or employer for their act of blowing the whistle against the organization. Luque (2007) reports about one of the study of whistle-blowers in which 90% reported about emotional stress, anxiety and depression after their acts of whistle blowing. or so 54% of them reported harassment at their workplace and 10% were the cases of attempted suicide. Case Studies Sherron Watkins Whistleblower of Enron The case of Sherron Watkins, the former corporate vice-president of Enron, is worth enumerating for the psychological trauma that she faced after her act of whistle blowing. In the month of Aug ust 2001, Sherron Watkins wrote a memo to the CEO of Enron that explained how the accounts of Enron present a distorted accounting numbers. On this, the CEO directed for an investigation through Enrons own law firm that did not do an honest job. Soon, the New York Times published a story about Enrons accounting jugglery. Thereafter, a congressional commissioning delved into the issue and started investigating the matter. Overnight, Watkins came into limelight and became a celebrated whistleblower that exposed Enrons accounting misreporting. This had a blasting effect on the company. Not only Enron was compelled to sack 4000 employees from its payroll but the very next day they filed Bankruptcy Code protection under chapter 11. Enron touchs plummeted like a big log from the high of $90.75/share in August 2000 to the dismal $0.067/share recorded on Jan 13, 2002 (Luque, 2007). Watkins suffered more of a psychological shove when she first acted as a whistle blower. She was isolated a nd made unnecessary for the company. Most of her partners began hating her as because of her 4000 employees alienated their jobs (Luque, 2007). Cynthia Cooper Whistleblower of WorldCom Cynthia Cooper was working as vice president of internal audit at WorldCom. On her routine investigations, she found that certain expenses were being capitalized thus inflating the yearly earnings by some(prenominal) billions of dollars. More she investigated, the stranger the reactions she confronted with from some of her colleagues. She sought an explanation from the Chief Financial Officer of the company. On this, she was asked to occlusion the audit until the next quarter -- a date to begin her normal audit as per routine. However, she did not stop on this and organized a meeting with the companys auditor KPMG. Finally, it was found that earnings

Alzheimers Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alzheimers disorder - Essay ExampleThe frequency of AD increases with each adult of tenner life, reaching 20-40% of the population over the age of 85 (Fauci et.al, 2008). It is present in approximately 3% to 11% of people sr. than 65 years of age and in 25% to 47% of people honest-to-goodness than 85% (Seidel et.al, 2006).The cognitive changes with AD tend to follow a feature article pattern, beginning with memory damage and spreading to language and visuospatial deficits (Fauci et al., 2008). Initially, patients present with forgetfulness, with them having difficulty remembering recent events or names of familiar people. However, as the disease progresses, their cognition is affected and they no longer think clearly. Eventually, language deficits will present as problems in speaking, understanding, reading, or writing. Problems with unproblematic activities of daily living (ADL) such as dressing, eating and solving simple calculations will soon follow.The most important risk factors for AD be old age & a positive family history (Fauci, et.al, 2008). The risk for AD increases with increasing age and although the most cases do not certify an inheritance patter, there is Familial Alzheimers Disease which is an inherited and rareform of this disease, occurring at an earlier onset. ... Females are affected more than males.At present, the only way to definitely diagnose Alzheimersis through a superstar autopsy but for living patients, physicians coffin nail correctly diagnose Alzheimersdisease about 90 percent of the age based on mental and behavioral symptoms, a physical examination, neuropsychological tests and laboratory tests (Alzheimers Disease Research, 2008). A thorough subjective and objective assessment is pertinent to do in a patient surmise of having AD. Signs and symptoms experienced by the patient, especially of mental and behavioral deficits, and a complete family history should be obtained from the patient. corporal examination and neuro psychological examinations are also performed to confirm or rule out any pathology make other types of dementia. Brain scans such as MRI and CT Scan can show characteristic structural changes present in Alzheimers disease as well as rule out flair tumors or ischemia as the cause for the dementia. EEG can also be performed to measure the school principal activity of the patient. Neuropsychological examinations include the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), to help confirm that the patient is experiencing problems with intellectual functions (Alzheimers Disease Research, 2008). Patients who have a family history should undergo tests in their early 30s to 40s and as a general screening, older population, especially those with initial symptoms should have Health Assessment 4themselves tested in their 50s or 60s. The tests can be repeated every 6 or 12 months, to verify the degree of progression of the dementia.Non-pharmacological prevention strategies include early prevention an d lifestyle modification. Proper diet, regular exercise

Second Language Acquisition Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Second Language Acquisition - Case Study utilisationContemporary attitudes towards English instruction in Cyprus is divided into two - the early Cypriots who were educated during the reign of British rule acknowledged English as a tool around to enhance their culture, knowledge and relationships with other countries, and those who in this era consider English to access resources around the world. The crude generation of English learners hold a more positive attitude toward second voice communication acquisition (SLA) and consider it as a tool to globalisation.Cypriot learners of new generation are positive to grasp English language (EL) c erstwhilepts while at the very(prenominal) time many teachers have noniced that they have fear of public speaking, however once they get over their fears they will enjoy engaging in public debates since learners are well conscious of the skills they are developing in context of SLA.SLA query suggests that a majority of English non-native sp eakers in Greek Cyprus are teaching English depending upon their Cypriot language backgrounds, level of education and training, teaching methods, aspirations and career prospects, and the view of English in Cyprus. Many linguists believe that an ideal teacher of English language is a native speaker, since native speakers of a language have a better command of fluent, idiomatically correct language forms, are more knowledgeable about the cultural connotations of a language, and are the intermediaries of the acceptability of any tending(p) samples of the language.Such a native speaker fallacy pointed out a number of weaknesses and contradictions when the features attributed to native speakers of a language, and it was discovered that native language features can be instilled through teacher training. The general nature of our research will highlight various communicative language teaching methods in context with SLA but would not be limited to what linguistic researchers view SLA a s the process of combining the structural components into their preexisting genial structures. In fact it would be better to say that our research would seek means beyond handed-down approaches learning SLA. The specific goals of research would follow a perspective varying from finding the most favourable theory of facilitating the integration of new corpseic knowledge to discovering an ideal learner based linguistic system with the help of problem identification. Throughout each chapter we would be discussing various learning methods of SLA in context to the new changes and what made the initial learning methods to be criticised. Chapter 1 highlights the significance of grammar and translation while highlighting on further advancement of methods discussed in previous chapter. Chapter 2 would proceed the learning methods while at the same time mentioning theories of language acquisition in the light of its pros and cons. Chapter 3 discusses the significance of silence language le arning techniques while chapter 4 discusses how new methods of language acquisition to teachers have brought challenges to the preexisting teaching methods. Learning or teaching a second language allows the learner to build a more comprehensive dumbfound of second language learning and this is done by creating a set of principles that are easily utilise in the environment of classroom interaction practices. However in the case of Cypriot learners, it would be scathe to say that Greek Cypriot language would be helpful in communicating, it would not provide the learners with a new

Christian Stewardship and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Stewardship and Sustainability - Essay ExampleChristian Stewardship and SustainabilityThe concepts of stewardship require such a living approach that persuades desirable qualities of an individual and enjoys the harmony of living with unity. For instance, in stewardship the use of excessive resources handle water, forests soil, wildlife and etc is prohibited or at least most likely to be avoided at its best. The word stewardship is in the main understood as a type of responsible and answerable management pattern and practice where the points of sustainability and quality of the environment are considered as the key area to focus on (Worrell, and Michael 263). Our nonion of stewardship comes from biblical establishment theology, distributed throughout the Bible but most visible in Genesis, the Psalms, and the Wisdom literature of ancient Israel (Butkus 19)It give the gate be said that stewardship is just not a way of living in fact it is go to be taken as a good way o f living or an approach to unwrap way of life. The starting and ending idea of stewardship lies in belongings to God. And on the other hand the guess of keeping everything in a mode tread situation prevails in the ecological concepts of sustainability without damaging the productive rate of the society. Few of the best examples of sustainability are the forests that have been there from a long time with no harm. Sustainability is not only a matter of self interest for the communal societies of human being but they as well consist of questions against the fundamental values of earth and other species besides humans.

How far is it true that representations of ethnic groups have no Essay

How uttermost is it true that representations of ethnic groups hand no alternative but to draw upon stereotypes because wholly language and concepts have to use previous - Essay Example socialising provides individuals with resources necessary for acting and participating within their society. For the society, inducting all individuals and members into its social norms, attitudes, determine, motives, social roles, language and symbols is the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained. socializing on one hand prepares the individual for the roles the is to play, providing him with the necessary repertoire of habits., beliefs and values, the appropriate patterns of emotional response and the modes of perception, the requisite skills and knowledge. On the other hand, by communicating the contents of culture from one generation to the other, it provides for its persistence and continuity. Socialization is important in the address of personality formation. Much of t he human components are the result of genes, the socialization process can influence particular formation by encouraging specific attitudes and behavior. Socialization practices vary markedly from society to society and the socialization practices are generally similar among people of the resembling society. People of the same society with the same culture and of the same community are likely to share core values and perceptions. People generally socialize their children in remarkably similar ways to the way they themselves were socialized by their parents.Ethnicity comes as a result of a subjective belief on a common credit line of similarities of physical type or customs or of both. It may also be as a result of memories of colonization and migration this belief is important for group formation and it does not matter whether an objective decline relationship exists. Members of an ethnic group on the whole, claim cultural continuities over time same values, practices and norms. Ethnicity and zip are related concepts in that both are usually defined in terms of shared out genealogy. Ethnicity often

The impact of Apple company stocks on the economy Essay

The impact of orchard apple tree troupe stocks on the economy - Essay ExampleParadoxically, the institutional investors of orchard apple tree had a stock value of $427 one thousand thousand whereas those of Microsoft had the stock value of only $172 billion. apple saw the peak value of its shares worth $702.10 on 19 September 2012, but its fall as of 16 November 2012 has been quite as remarkable, when the value of its shares dropped to $505.75. A elderberry bush research analyst, Brian Colello said, Its just amazing because its such a large company. The company lost about $35 billion in market cap in one day. Thats the size of some large-cap stocks (Colello cited in OBrien, 2012). The senior index analyst, Howard Silverblatt, said, The impact on shareholders and on the economy is incredible. Weve not seen anything like this in the modern trading era. Ever (Silverblatt cited in OBrien, 2012). People tend to understand the behavior of Apples stock by considering the bits of bad news , the questions and controversies about Apples competition and its market share, that in reality, have little to do with the Apple shares. According to Steven Milunovich, a UBS analyst, the rate of manufacture of Apple iPhones would set in the first quarter of the category 2013 (NBC News, 2012). Milunovich expects Apple to produce 2 million fewer iPads and 5 million fewer iPhones till September 2013, though he expects Apple to be able to contend up to 41 million iPhones in the first quarter of the year 2013, followed by 36 million in the second quarter and 33 million in the third quarter of 2013. In appurtenance to that, Milunovich also expects sale of about 21.7 million iPads, 24.5 million iPads, and 20.7 million iPads in the first, second, and third quarter of the year 2013 respectively. Nevertheless, The extraordinary volatility is the result of Apples strength. People try to blame the volatility on Apples weaknesses (Schwarz cited in OBrien, 2012). Since the establishment of Apple Inc. as a company, there have been mixed effects on the economy. Apple has conventionally had tremendous effect on the economy. This is evident from the fact that the sales of iPhone added anywhere from 0.25 to 0.5 percentage crown to the growth rate of the US economy (Rushe, 2012). While on one hand, consumers have contributed a parcel to the economy by buying the supplies and the different electronic gadgets that Apple has made available to them, on the different hand, companies competing with Apple have faced a decrease in the values of their shares and so have their shareholders and investors since Apple has outdone them in the sale of products. Since Apple has contributed immensely to the economy in the recent years, the economy has started to increasingly account and rely on Apple. Accordingly, with the precipitation of the value of Apples shares, the economy goes down as well. However, the downfall of the value of Apples stock is not expect to sustain for too long and is expected to rise again as soon as Apple introduces another innovative product into the market. Whether it is an iTV, wearing computers, or another new product category, we have faith that innovation is not dead (Milonovich cited in NBC News, 2012). Concluding, despite the apparent decline in the value of its shares in the recent weeks, Apple still ashes the most valuable company among all in the world. However, the investors are becoming increasingly cautious regarding the afterlife of the company and its ability to introduce